The primary advantage of worm gears is their ability to provide high reduction ratios and correspondingly high torque multiplication. They may also be applied as acceleration reducers in low- to medium-rate applications. And, because their lowering ratio is based on the number of gear teeth by itself, they are smaller sized than other types of gears. Like fine-pitch business lead screws, worm gears are usually self-locking, which makes them well suited for hoisting and lifting applications.

Although the sliding contact minimizes efficiency, it provides very quiet operation. (The utilization of dissimilar metals for the worm and equipment also contributes to quiet operation.) This makes worm gears suited to use where sound should be minimized, such as for example in elevators. In addition, the use of a softer material for the gear means that it could absorb shock loads, like those knowledgeable in major equipment or crushing devices.

The meshing of the worm and the gear is a mixture of sliding and rolling actions, but sliding contact dominates at high reduction ratios. This sliding actions causes friction and temperature, which limits the productivity of worm gears to 30 to 50 percent. So that you can minimize friction (and for that reason, heat), the worm and gear are made from dissimilar metals – for instance, the worm could be made of hardened metal and the gear made of bronze or aluminum.

Such as a ball screw, the worm in a worm gear may have an individual start or multiple starts – and therefore there are multiple threads, or helicies, on the worm. For a single-start worm, each full change (360 degrees) of the worm increases the equipment by one tooth. Consequently a gear with 24 teeth will provide a gear reduced amount of 24:1. For a multi-begin worm, the gear reduction equals the quantity of teeth on the apparatus, divided by the amount of begins on the worm. (That is different from most other types of gears, where in fact the gear reduction is normally a function of the diameters of both components.)

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